如何通过互联网配置 MediaMonkey 以进行 DLNA/UPnP

UPnP/DLNA主要用于本地网络，但如果通过以下两种方式之一进行适当配置，也可以通过互联网使用：

  1. 使用 VPN 模拟本地网络
  2. 通过配置端口转发到服务器，并手动为客户端配置服务器的 IP 地址和端口。

使用 VPN

VPN 的优点是可以保护 DLNA 客户端和服务器之间的流量，并允许 DLNA 无需额外配置即可运行。缺点是 VPN 的配置可能很复杂（超出了本文的讨论范围），并且可能导致性能下降。

使用 VPN 时要记住的主要一点是，必须将 VPN 配置为允许服务器在网络上可见，以便可以发现 UPnP 服务器。如果您已这样做，但 MediaMonkey 服务器无法被发现，请尝试使用本地 UPnP 客户端测试服务器。

使用端口转发进行未加密的访问

如果您没有 VPN，您可以配置 UPnP/DLNA 以通过互联网使用。我们不建议这样做，因为没有访问控制。任何能找到您的媒体服务器的人都可以访问它。无论如何，要这样做，您需要：

  1. 设置 MediaMonkey UPnP 服务器以连接到互联网：通过路由器进行端口转发，您可以使服务器在本地网络之外可访问。请注意，没有任何安全措施可以阻止其他人连接到通过端口转发可访问的服务器。请参阅路由器的在线文档，了解如何为特定路由器型号设置端口转发。MediaMonkey 用于其 DLNA 服务器的端口可通过每个服务器主菜单中的工具 > 选项 >媒体共享查看。您需要为该端口配置端口转发，以便将 UDP 和 TCP 协议转发到服务器的 IP 地址。
  2. 通过手动添加 DLNA 服务器来设置您的 MediaMonkey UPnP 客户端（因为无法自动检测远程 DLNA 服务器）：
    1. 在 MediaMonkey 5+ 中，转到媒体树中的设备和服务节点，然后使用媒体服务器部分旁边的+图标手动添加 DLNA 服务器。
    2. 在 MediaMonkey 4 中，右键单击媒体树中的媒体服务器节点，然后使用添加媒体服务器
    3. 你需要：
      1. 了解您是否可以通过 https 或仅通过 http 连接（MediaMonkey 仅支持 http）
      2. DLNA 服务器所在网络的 IP，当您在网络外部时，这通常是网络的公共 IP，而不是 DLNA 服务器（或其运行的 PC）的 IP
      3. 路由器中用于端口转发的端口，在 MediaMonkey 中，该端口在每个服务器的主菜单下的工具 > 选项 >媒体共享下进行设置。
      4. 设备描述文档的文件名，MediaMonkey 为此使用DeviceDescription.xml 。
    4. 您可以在任何浏览器中使用它来确认 DLNA 服务器是否可访问（例如 http://192.168.1.2:4000/DeviceDescription.xml）。

如果您无法访问 MediaMonkey 媒体服务器，请参阅： MediaMonkey UPnP/DLNA 服务器无法访问

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How to configure MediaMonkey for DLNA/UPnP over the Internet

UPnP/DLNA is designed mainly for use over a local network, but it can be used over the internet if configured appropriately in one of two ways:

  1. By using a VPN to simulate a local network
  2. By configuring port forwarding to the Server and manually configuring the client with the server’s IP address and port.

Using a VPN

VPNs have the advantage of securing traffic between the DLNA client and server and allowing DLNA to function without additional configuration. The downside is that it can be complex to configure a VPN (beyond the scope of this article) and can incur a performance penalty.

The main thing to keep in mind when using a VPN is that the VPN must be configured to allow the server to be visible on the network so that the UPnP server is discoverable. If you’ve done so and the MediaMonkey Server isn’t discoverable try testing the server with a local UPnP client.

Unencrypted access using Port Forwarding

If you don’t have a VPN, you can configure UPnP/DLNA to be used over the internet. We do not recommend doing this as there is no access control. Anyone that can find your Media Server can access it. To do so anyway, you’ll need to:

  1. Set up your MediaMonkey UPnP Server to connect to the internet: with port forwarding through the router you can make the Server accessible outside of the local network. Be aware that there is no security preventing anyone else from connecting to the Server that’s made accessible through port forwarding. See your router’s online documentation as to how to setup port forwarding for your specific Router model. The port that MediaMonkey uses for its DLNA Server is visible via Tools > Options > Media Sharing from the Main Menu per server. You’ll want to configure port forwarding for that port for both UDP and TCP protocols to the server’s IP address.
  2. Set up your MediaMonkey UPnP client by manually adding the DLNA Server (since remote DLNA Servers are not auto-detected):
    1. In MediaMonkey 5+ go to the Devices & Services node in the Media Tree and use the + icon next to the Media Servers section to manually add a DLNA Server.
    2. In MediaMonkey 4 right click on the Media Servers node in the Media Tree and use Add Media Server
    3. You’ll need:
      1. Know if you can connect via https or only via http (MediaMonkey only supports http)
      2. The IP of the network the DLNA Server is on, as your going outside the network this generally is the public IP of the network, not the IP of the DLNA Server (or PC it runs on)
      3. The port used for port forwarding in the Router, in MediaMonkey this is set under Tools > Options > Media Sharing from the Main Menu per server.
      4. The device description document filename, MediaMonkey uses DeviceDescription.xml for this.
    4. You can use this in any browser to confirm that the DLNA Server is accessible (eg. http://192.168.1.2:4000/DeviceDescription.xml).

If you have trouble accessing the MediaMonkey Media Server please see: MediaMonkey UPnP/DLNA Server inaccessible

Applies to: ,

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